Hispanics and Firearms Violence – Endnotes

  1. “Resident Population Estimates of the United States by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: April 1, 1990 to November 1, 1999,” (U.S. Census Bureau, United States Department of Commerce) downloaded April 14, 2000 from www.census.gov/population/estimates/nation/intfile3-1.txt; INTERNET.
  2. “Census Facts for Hispanic Heritage Month,” (U.S. Census Bureau, United States Department of Commerce), downloaded July 6, 2000, from www.census.gov/Press-Release/fs97-10.html; INTERNET. 
  3. . Bob Hausman, “Gun industry must become less racist to survive in the 21st century,” Shooting Sports Retailer, January 1997, 86. 
  4. Philip J. Cook and Jens Ludwig, Guns in America: Results of a Comprehensive National Survey on Firearms Ownership and Use (Washington, DC: Police Foundation, 1996), 33.
  5. All rates in the charts with national data are age-adjusted, unless otherwise indicated. 
  6. The information was gathered from the WISQAR internet program, with the statistics produced by the Office of Statistics and Programming, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC. 
  7. The information was gathered from the WISQAR internet program, with the statistics produced by the Office of Statistics and Programming, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC. 
  8. Aggravated assault is defined as involving an attack with a weapon or an attack without a weapon which results in serious injury.
  9. Lisa D. Bastian, “Hispanic Victims,” Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report (January 1990): 1-10.
  10. Lisa D. Bastian, “Hispanic Victims,” Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report (January 1990): 1-10.
  11. Adam Dobrin et al., Statistical Handbook on Violence in America (Phoenix: The Oryx Press, 1996): 164.
  12. Several studies have looked at domestic violence and firearms. These studies include: Linda E. Saltzman, PhD, et al., “Weapon Involvement and Injury Outcomes in Family and Intimate Assaults,” Journal of the American Medical Association 267, no. 22, (1992): 3043-3047; Arthur L. Kellermann, MD, MPH, et al., “Gun Ownership as a Risk Factor for Homicide in the Home,” The New England Journal of Medicine 329, no. 15 (1993): 1084-1091; James A. Mercy, PhD, et al., “Fatal Violence among Spouses in the United States, 1976-85” American Journal of Public Health 79 (May 1989): 595-599; and James E. Bailey, MD, MPH, et al., “Risk Factors for Violence Death of Women in the Home,” Archives of Internal Medicine 157, no. 7 (1997): 777-782. 
  13. Joseph L. Annest, PhD, et al., “National Estimates of Nonfatal Firearm-Related Injuries: Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg,” Journal of the American Medical Association 273, No. 22 (1995): 1749-1754. Nonfatal firearm injuries are very difficult to ascertain and can only be estimated. Many nonfatal shooting victims, even those who receive medical treatment, often go unreported to the federal agencies that track and analyze such incidents. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), which tracks nonfatal firearm-related injuries treated in U.S. emergency departments, does not survey every hospital. Only a sample of hospitals�in 1997 the sample increased from just 91 to 101 hospitals nationwide�report their numbers and national estimates are calculated from this data. 
  14. “Nonfatal and Fatal Firearm-Related Injuries�United States, 1993-1997,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 48, no. 45 (1999): 1029-1034. 
  15. Arthur L. Kellermann, MD, MPH, et al., “Injuries Due to Firearms in Three Cities,” The New England Journal of Medicine 335, no. 19 (1996): 1438-1444. 
  16. The information was gathered from the WISQAR internet program, with the statistics produced by the Office of Statistics and Programming, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC. 
  17. The information was gathered from the WISQAR internet program, with the statistics produced by the Office of Statistics and Programming, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC. 
  18. Homicide Surveillance: High-Risk Racial and Ethnic Groups�Blacks and Hispanics, 1970 to 1983 (Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control, 1986): 28, 31. 
  19. Homicide Surveillance: High-Risk Racial and Ethnic Groups�Blacks and Hispanics, 1970 to 1983 (Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control, 1986): 28.
  20. Homicide in California (Sacramento: California Department of Justice, 1999): 56.
  21. Homicide in California (Sacramento: California Department of Justice, 1999): 76.
  22. Homicide in California (Sacramento: California Department of Justice, 1999): 76.
  23. “Firearm-Associated Deaths and Hospitalizations – California, 1995-1996,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 48, no. 23 (1999): 485-488. 
  24. “Firearm-Associated Deaths and Hospitalizations – California, 1995-1996,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 48, no. 23 (1999): 485-488. 
  25. www.census.gov/population/estimates/state/rank/strnktb5.txt. INTERNET. 
  26. An analysis was not run for California because they publish a specific booklet, Homicide in California, that contains California homicide information. Information was not analyzed for the United States as a whole because many states when documenting firearm victims do not collect information on Hispanic ethnicity. 
  27. FBI Supplementary Homicide Report data, 1998.
  28. FBI Supplementary Homicide Report data, 1998.
  29. FBI Supplementary Homicide Report data, 1998.
  30. Patti J. Patterson, MD, et al., “Firearm-related deaths among children in Texas: 1984-1988,” The Journal of Texas Medicine 86 (July 1990): 92-97.
  31. Patti J. Patterson, MD, et al., “Firearm-related deaths among children in Texas: 1984-1988,” The Journal of Texas Medicine 86 (July 1990): 92-97.
  32. Patti J. Patterson, MD, et al., “Firearm-related deaths among children in Texas: 1984-1988,” The Journal of Texas Medicine 86 (July 1990): 92-97.
  33. Carolyn Rebecca Block et al., “Intimate Partner Homicide in Chicago Over 29 Years,” Crime & Delinquency 41 (October 1995): 496-526. 
  34. “Homicides in Chicago, 1965-1995,” Chicago Homicide Dataset (Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Michigan), downloaded June 8, 1999, from www.icpsr.umich.edu/cgi/SDA11/hsda3; INTERNET. 
  35. Carolyn Rebecca Block et al., “Intimate Partner Homicide in Chicago Over 29 Years,” Crime & Delinquency 41 (October 1995): 496-526.
  36. Carolyn Rebecca Block et al., “Intimate Partner Homicide in Chicago Over 29 Years,” Crime & Delinquency 41 (October 1995): 496-526.
  37. Carolyn Rebecca Block et al., “Intimate Partner Homicide in Chicago Over 29 Years,” Crime & Delinquency 41 (October 1995): 496-526.
  38. Carolyn Rebecca Block et al., “Intimate Partner Homicide in Chicago Over 29 Years,” Crime & Delinquency 41 (October 1995): 496-526.

 

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